. Name Family Name Date of Birth Date of Death Cause of Death Profession/Social Status Personal Characteristic/Details Any other histories Photographs/Paintings/Ephemera/Miscellanae . Washington Duke 12/20/1820 5/8/1903 Old age. But sustained a slight hip fracture from a fall 5 months before death Farmer, Confederate soldier, businessman, philanthropist. Twice married He was seen as generous, earnest, savvy, a Democrat turned Republican, was close to his only daughter Mary E Duke Lyon, a supporter of the Emancipation, enjoys an active lifestyle. He was six feet tall, with a large frame and deep chest. He walked with a deliberately firm stride. He offered $85,000 for the relocation of Trinity College to Durham but he ended up giving $110,000. In 1896, he gave $100,00 to the endowment fund on condition that women be admitted, he added the same amount to the funds in 1898 and 1900. In 1892, he paid the debt on and acquired the ownership of Louisburg Female College at Louisburg, North Carolina, and saved it from having to close its doors. He had one slave called Caroline. There are other aspects of his life that are not included in this sample such as his business, legal, philanthropic, and property concerns but which should be of interest for future researchers. http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/WashingtonDukeportrait.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/letterfromwashingtonduke.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/letter2washingtondukeformoney.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/archivesofwashingtondukeletters.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/Will&TestamentCarolineBarnes.pdf http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/CertofDeathCarolineBarnes.pdf http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/newspapertributewashingtonduke2.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/personalpaperswashingtonduke.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/personalpaperswashingtonduke.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/washingtonbirthplaceblalockestate.jpg . Mary Caroline Clinton 9/26/1825 1847 Possibly the aftereffects of childbirth first wife of Washington Duke Was buried by her parental family graveyard http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/gravemarycclintondisc.pdf . Artelia Roney 1829 8/20/1858 Typhoid fever second wife of Washington Duke Considered pretty . Benjamin N Duke 4/27/1855 1/8/1929 Died after a long-standing illness farmer, philanthropist, businessman, second son of Washington Duke Was frail as a child and none too robust as an adult, and spent the last years of his growing considerably more ill. Ironically, however, he outlived his younger brother, James Buchanan Duke. He is a man of little less than average size, with well-proportioned features. He had black hair that became greyish later in life. He had brown eyes. He is considered to be broad-minded and liberal for his time (and geography). He was married to Sarah Pearson Angier in February 21, 1877 and they had three children together. Was the director of the American Tobacco Company. Was director of the Fidelity Bank in Durham, and held a similar position in Cape Fear and Northern Railroad Company. He was also the director of a bank in New York. He was appointed the director of an orphan's asylum that belonged to a Masonic chapter in North Carolina. He provided funds from his own pockets for the renovations and construction of new buildings. He gave money to the development of Trinity College and was also the trustee of the college. This excerpt was taken from the Duke University website http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/histnote/duke_b_n.html "Unfortunately an accurate tally of Ben Duke's philanthropy to the college and university is impossible. The most complete accounting discovered to date is in an unlikely source, the published Bulletin of Trinity College which happened to list annual contributions as part of an historical section. However, this listing lacks consistency and overlooks behind-the-scenes donations. Nevertheless, it is revealing. At various times Ben Duke is credited with donations totaling $182,000 to the general fund, $156,500 to current expenses, and $443,696 to endowment. Specific dollar amounts adding up to $438,500 are identified for a gymnasium, Alspaugh and Southgate dormitories, athletic fields, new buildings, grading and improvements to the campus, and scientific apparatus. For three years beginning in 1893 he donated $50 per year for tuition for sixty students from North Carolina. This $9,000 total in scholarships was critical in attracting students to the school, then at a new location and at a time of national economic depression. Such aid may be seen as a precursor to the scholarship and loan fund set up in 1925 in memory of his son, Angier B. Duke." http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/BenNDukeAlumniregisterportrait.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/BenNDukeletterbook.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/BenNDuketribute.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/BenNDuketribute2.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/suing%20the%20duke%20bros.JPG http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/suingthedukebrosformonopolyintobacco.JPG http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/suingthedukebrosformonopolyoftobacco2.JPG http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/suingtobaccomonopoly3.JPG . James Buchanan Duke 12/23/1856 10/10/1825 Pneumonia President of the American Tobacco Company. He was instrumental in increasing the wealth of the company and in creating inventive new business ideas. He is a hands on person who believes in dealing directly with tradesmen and customers to find out how they view the quality of his products. He also was the co-founder of the Southern Power Company, now known as the Duke company, together with his brother Benjamin. He tends to limit his philanthropy to areas served by the Power company. He also started the Duke Endowment fund that was to later become the site of financial contestation between all the beneficiaries. He is considered to be robust and tall at six feet and two inches. He had a large head with red hair, a broad brow, a straight nose, a good-tempered mouth, and clear eyes. He dressed simply. He was considered to be positive, never petulant and taciturn, but always eager to state his reasons for any opinion or judgment. He was considered to be honest and unafraid to admit the errors of his ways He was divorced from his first wife, Lillian McCreedy, on grounds of adultery. He owned many properties around North Carolina and also in New York. In the Indenture of Trust set up under his Endowment, Duke specified the support of Duke University, Davidson College, Furman University, Johnson C. Smith University; not-for-profit hospitals and children's homes in the two Carolinas; and rural United Methodist churches in North Carolina, retired pastors, and their surviving families. http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/newspaper%20article%20on%20James%20Buchanan%20Duke.JPG http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/suing%20the%20duke%20bros.JPG http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/suingthedukebrosformonopolyintobacco.JPG http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/suingthedukebrosformonopolyoftobacco2.JPG http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/suingtobaccomonopoly3.JPG . Sidney T Duke 1844 1855 Typhoid Fever Died at the age of 14 . Duke 1846 1919 Old age Did not have a proper job for much of his life due to his acute alcoholism though he was considered part of the tobacco manufacturing dynasty by virtue of his early involvement and familial association He was committed to the Stanford Hall Sanitorium in Flushing. Famous for having married four times. Taken from http://www.themayborn.com/TenSpurs2/TobaccoQueen.html Brodie initially was the most ambitious, described as a hard-working teetotaler, a reputation that long had vanished by the time he met Alice Webb in 1904. Washington Duke was moderately successful, but younger sons Buck and Ben Duke made the family into one of the most powerful in the South by eventually dominating the exploding American market for cigarettes. At the same time they invested in banking, textile mills, and cotton production. Brodie, by the early 1880s, had developed a pronounced taste for liquor. While he remained an equal partner in what became known as the American Tobacco Company, his half-brothers ran the company. Brodie’s first wife died in 1888 after bearing three children, and his second marriage ended in a bitter divorce in 1904. He was prominent in Durham because of his extensive real estate holdings and civic involvement; his boozing benders were also well known. He was institutionalized in Illinois for a drinking problem severe enough that his brothers donated $20,000 to establish a similar alcoholism-treatment center in North Carolina, presumably so Brodie would be closer to such a facility each time he leaped off the wagon. Brodie also displayed what one writer called a “dangerous taste for speculation in the commodity market and especially in cotton futures.” In 1893 his brothers had to bail Brodie out and severely limit his access to the family fortune, which by then was considerable. The family wealth was often threatened by Brodie’s ability to fritter it away. He invested in land companies in Virginia, North Carolina and Alabama that went belly-up. He sank a quarter-million dollars into building a street railway from Memphis to Raleigh Springs, Tenn., which also flopped. He speculated wildly in cotton futures, invariably with disastrous results. http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/newspaperclipping1.pdf http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Photographs/BrodieDuke.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/brodie_orbituary.pdf . Martha McMannen 1850 April 1888 First wife of Brodie Duke and mother of three children http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Photographs/Martha%20Mcmannen.jpg . Mary E Duke-Lyon 11/17/1853 4/6/1893 Illness - Consumption Works for the Trinity Methodist Church, probably as a volunteer. Also managed a phase of a work forW. Duke, Sons and Company, by making the cloths bag in which the tobacco was packed. Was the beloved daughter of Washington Duke. Considered to be a gentle, savvy and hard worker. There is a short history of her written up in Gold Left, Volume 24, Issue 1, Spring 2002, a newsletter produced by the Duke Homestead Education and History Corporation. http://library.duke.edu/lilly/about/lillyartproj/mary-duke-lyon.html http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/MaryEDukeLyon.pdf . Robert E Lyon 9/17/1847 12/15/1911 Tobacco-leaf dealer at Farmers Warehouse Opposed the establishment of graded schools based on discriminatory taxation and the financial burden it would impose on the less well-off populace. Outlived his wife. . Sarah Pearson Angier Duke 2/19/1856 9/2/1936 Old age Wife of Benjamin N Duke Kept a diary during the final two years of her husband's life. Also kept a collection of recipes. Much of the papers relating to her were related to household management or domestic duties http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/SarahPDukereciperhubardpie.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/Sarahpdukerecipes.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/SarapPDukenote.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/sarahpdukedomesticrecord1.jpg . Mabel Duke-Goodall 1/1/1877 She is mentioned in the Doris Duke Trust indenture as one of the trustees. . Pearl Duke-Bachmann 4/4/1879 She is mentioned in the Doris Duke Trust indenture as one of the trustees. . Baxter Lawrence Duke 2/25/1875 12/21/1956 Salesman for the American Tobacco Company founded by his father and uncles . Woodward Duke . Mary W. Lyon-Stagg 9/25/1878 Had a grand wedding in her marriage to James Stagg . George L. Lyon 2/3/1881 1/11/1916 . Edwin Buchanan Lyon . Benjamin Lyon 2/20/1874 2/20/1874 . Bertha Lyon 2/20/1874 10/7/1875 . George Washington Duke 6/26/1883 10/3/1885 . Mary Lillian Duke-Biddle 11/16/1887 6/14/1960 Old age but suffered ill health stemming from depression following her divorce philanthropist and amateur singer and musician Attractive but shy. Married a man 10 years her junior, who later left her for a younger woman. Had a degree in English from Duke University. Had a deep love for the arts, especially the opera and theater, and frequently traveled to New York City with her family to enjoy the arts scene there. Established the Mary Duke Biddle Foundation that supports non-profit organizations http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/theaterprogofmarydukebiddle.jpg http://www.duke.edu/~cal33/wiredfiles/Archives%20papers%20and%20Documents%20on%20the%20Duke%20Family/theaterrecordmarydukebiddle.jpg http://library.duke.edu/lilly/about/lillyartproj/mary-l-duke.html . Angier Buchanan Duke 12/8/1884 9/3/1923 Died by drowning a Trustee of Duke University from 1914-1923, as well as vice president and president of the Alumni Association Strong Swimmer and healthy. Had the same passion for philanthropy as his father, Benjamin N Duke. Divorced from his wife, Cordelia Drexel Biddle-Duke, in 1921. Died in a yachting accident when his yacht capsized and probably when he knocked his head. http://library.duke.edu/lilly/about/lillyartproj/angier-buchanan-duke.html