{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# C++ Mechanics"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Basic C++ program\n",
    "\n",
    "- Use of %%file magic\n",
    "- Use of #include to import libraries\n",
    "- Use of streams\n",
    "- Fully qualified names\n",
    "- Semi-colons and braces\n",
    "- Compilation and execution of binary"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 1,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting hello01.cpp\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file hello01.cpp\n",
    "\n",
    "#include <iostream>\n",
    "\n",
    "int main() {\n",
    "    std::cout << \"Hello, world!\" << std::endl;\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Compile"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "g++ hello01.cpp -o hello01"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Execute"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "./hello01"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## C equivalent"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 4,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting hello01.c\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file hello01.c\n",
    "\n",
    "#include <stdio.h>\n",
    "\n",
    "int main() {\n",
    "    printf(\"Hello, wolrd!\\n\");\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 5,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "gcc hello01.c -o hello_c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 6,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, wolrd!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "./hello_c"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Using qualified names"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 7,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting hello02.cpp\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file hello02.cpp\n",
    "\n",
    "#include <iostream>\n",
    "\n",
    "using std::cout;\n",
    "using std::endl;\n",
    "                \n",
    "int main() {\n",
    "    cout << \"Hello, world!\" << endl;\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 8,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "g++ hello02.cpp -o hello02"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 9,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "./hello02"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Using namespace"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 10,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting hello03.cpp\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file hello03.cpp\n",
    "\n",
    "#include <iostream>\n",
    "\n",
    "using namespace std;\n",
    "\n",
    "int main() {\n",
    "    cout << \"Hello, world!\" << endl;\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "g++ hello03.cpp -o hello03"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "./hello03"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Using a function"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting hello04.cpp\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file hello04.cpp\n",
    "\n",
    "#include <iostream>\n",
    "\n",
    "using std::cout;\n",
    "using std::endl;\n",
    "using std::string;\n",
    "        \n",
    "string greet() {\n",
    "    return \"Hello, world!\";\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "int main() {\n",
    "    cout << greet() << endl;\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "g++ hello04.cpp -o hello04"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "./hello04"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Separate compilation"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting string_utils.hpp\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file string_utils.hpp\n",
    "\n",
    "#include <iostream>\n",
    "        \n",
    "std::string greet();"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting string_utils.cpp\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file string_utils.cpp\n",
    "\n",
    "#include \"string_utils.hpp\"\n",
    "        \n",
    "std::string greet() {\n",
    "    return \"Hello, world!\";\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting hello05.cpp\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file hello05.cpp\n",
    "\n",
    "#include <iostream>\n",
    "#include \"string_utils.hpp\"\n",
    "\n",
    "using std::cout;\n",
    "using std::endl;\n",
    "\n",
    "int main() {\n",
    "    cout << greet() << endl;\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "g++ -c string_utils.cpp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "string_utils.o\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "ls *\\.o"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "g++ hello05.cpp string_utils.o -o hello05"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "./hello05"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Separate compilation with a Makefile"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting Makefile\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file Makefile\n",
    "\n",
    "hello05a:\n",
    "\tg++ hello05.cpp string_utils.o -o hello05a\n",
    "    \n",
    "string_utils.o:\n",
    "\tg++ -c string_utils.cpp"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "make: `hello05a' is up to date.\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "make"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello, world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash \n",
    "\n",
    "./hello05a"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## Command line arguments\n",
    "\n",
    "Also string streams and control flow."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Overwriting hello06.cpp\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%file hello06.cpp\n",
    "\n",
    "#include <iostream>\n",
    "#include <sstream>\n",
    "\n",
    "using std::cin;\n",
    "using std::cout;\n",
    "using std::endl;\n",
    "using std::string;\n",
    "        \n",
    "string greet(string name) {\n",
    "    std::stringstream s;\n",
    "    s << \"Hello \" << name << \"!\";\n",
    "    return s.str();\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "int main(int argc, char** argv) {\n",
    "    if (argc > 1) {\n",
    "        string name = argv[1];\n",
    "        cout << greet(name) << endl;\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    else {\n",
    "        cout << greet(\"world\") << endl;\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "g++ -std=c++11 hello06.cpp -o hello06"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello world!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "./hello06"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Hello Cliburn!\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "%%bash\n",
    "\n",
    "./hello06 Cliburn"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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