Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Plantae>Magnoliophyta>Magnoliopsida>Sapindales>Simaroubaceae>Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

More appropriately called the tree-from-hell, this common weedy tree is a seriously invasive species from China, most often found in disturbed areas and along roadsides.

Durham Co., NC 6/27/09.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Emerging leaves.

Durham Co., NC 4/11/09.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

The huge, tropical-looking compound leaves smell a bit like rotting peanut butter. They're vaguely similar in shape to those of walnut or sumac, but once you smell them, you won't mistake them.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)
Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Durham Co., NC 6/27/09.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Durham Co., NC 6/27/09.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

The samaras (winged fruits), produced in summer, turn yellow to rosy as they ripen. The leaves of mature trees, like this one, don't stink.

Durham, NC 8/2/2003.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Chatham Co., NC 6/28/09.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Chatham Co., NC 6/28/09.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Chatham Co., NC 6/28/09.

Tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima)

Bark detail.

Ailanthus is most common in urban and disturbed areas, though it can also be found occasionally in undisturbed forest.

Durham, NC 8/2/2003.

Similar species:
Juglans nigra (Black Walnut)
Toxicodendron vernix (Poison Sumac)

More information:
Invasive.org
NC State Fact Sheet
Plant Conservation Alliance Fact Sheet
Silvics Manual
Trees of Alabama and the Southeast
Virginia Tech Dendrology
USDA PLANTS

Trees, Shrubs, and Woody Vines of North Carolina

cwcook@duke.edu

All photographs and text ©2011 by Will Cook unless otherwise indicated